"A human being should be able to change a
diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn
a ship, design a building, write a sonnet,
balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone,
comfort the dying, take orders, give orders,
cooperate, act alone, solve equations,
analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program
a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight
efficiently, and die gallantly.
Specialization is for insects."
-- Robert Heinlein
Robert Heinlein's words (quoted by Mark
Rippetoe in his book "Starting
Strength") have
a particular relevance for athletes. When
you are training, you quickly realize that
there are tradeoffs.
Triathletes know that
the strong quads they develop from cycling
have less use in running, which depends
more on hamstrings. And vice versa.
Likewise, the strong
shoulders and back of swimmers are simply
extra body mass for a runner or cyclist to
carry around a course. The goal is not to be
outstanding in any one
single discipline, but to have a good balance
of skills among the set.
Elite triathlete Desiree Flicker (second in
the Ironman World Championships 2006) decided
last year to concentrate on running when
she qualified for the Olympic Trials by
placing second in the Austin Marathon.
"Biking hurts your running performance. It
tires your legs out and you are using
opposing muscle groups. I actually believe
you are tearing up yours quads to the point
where it hurts when you run."
The other extreme from focus on a single
sport is a generalized fitness program like
CrossFit. One of their mottoes is: "Our
specialty is not specializing." They
note that combat, survival, many sports, and
life reward this kind of fitness and, on
average, punish the specialist.
The answer to the question of specialization
or being a generalist
for any athlete is a personal one. It
depends on goals and desires, and it can
shift over time. Like
Desiree Flicker's choice to focus on running
in pursuit of a slot on the Olympic Marathon
Team (She didn't make it, by the way, but I'm
certain she's glad that she tried).
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